OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating System controls and co-ordinates the overall working of a computer. It can act as a

• Command Interpreter – Computer is Hardware.  Computer uses Machine language. This is the only language which is understandable to the computer. This language cannot be understood to the User. So the command from the user needs to translate the language of the user to Machine language. Machine language was the language which uses 0 and 1. So the language is converted to Machine language and vice versa.
• Input / Output Bounding – Input and output are the basic components of a computer.

Input – The work given to the computer .

Process – The work done by the computer.

Output – The processed Input is called Output.

For example:  15 + 15 = 30

Input are : 15,15

Output : 30

Process : +,=

When we give input to the computer the input is first transferred to the Primary Memory. No operation can be done without Memory. After the transferring of Input the Input is moved for Processing.  After processing the processed input is again transferred to Memory later to Output devices. The main function of Operating is system to coordinates the input, process and output.

• Memory Allocation –If the process needs memory for the working, Operating system asks for the memory from Memory unit. Memory unit is responsible for the Memory size of the memory devices.
• Time allocation – The Operating system allocates the time for each task to complete. If the task is not completed on time, the work is rescheduled and it waits for the completion. Still the work is incomplete, the work is terminated.

Types of Operating system

 Operating systems are classified into as according to the mode of users.

• Single User
• Multi user

Operating system is classified according to the working.

• Single Task
• Multi Task
• Batch processing Operating system
• Single processing Operating System
• Multi-Processing Operating system

Single User: Only a single user can use it. Ex: Windows XP, 7, 8, 10 etc.

Multi user:  More than one user can use it. Linux, Unix, etc.

Single Task: It can process only single task. Ex: MS-DOS.

Multi Task: It can process more than one task. Ex: Microsoft Windows

Batch Processing Operating System: It is a type of operating system which collects all jobs and makes it into several batches. After that the process is executed by each batch.

Single Process Operating System: Can process only a single process at a time.

Multi process Operating System: Can process more than one process at a time. Ex: Windows.

BIOS

BIOS is short form of Basic Input Output System. It acts as an operating system to a particular extent. BIOS is not actual operating system. It can be viewed only at the time of booting. It controls the whole computer till the operating system loads. BIOS can shows System Information, System date and time, Boot configuration, USB configuration etc. We can reinstall our Operating System using this BIOS boot configuration.  Boot device priority is the feature of the BIOS. By changing the Priority we can install our operating system. This BIOS can be viewed by pressing the functional keys or Delete key at the time of booting. This BIOS can be protected by using the Password and this Password can be reset by removing the Jumper from the Mother board. Jumper is a pin in the motherboard. If it is removed the system configuration will be set to default.